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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

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Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics01:22

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Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...
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Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
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Injectable microbeads with a thermo-responsive shell and a pH-responsive core as a dual-switch-controlled release

Wei-Lun Chiang1, Yi-Chen Hu, Hung-Yi Liu

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30013, ROC; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30013, ROC.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|July 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

A novel microbead system releases drugs only when both elevated temperature and acidic pH are detected, targeting inflammation effectively. This dual-switch control improves treatment by distinguishing inflamed from healthy tissues.

Keywords:
controlled releasedrug deliveryinflammatory diseasessmart carriersstimuli-responsive materials

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Inflammation Research

Background:

  • Inflammation is a complex biological response.
  • Current drug delivery systems may lack specificity, leading to off-target effects.
  • Targeted drug release is crucial for enhancing therapeutic efficacy and minimizing side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a dual-switch-controlled drug release system for inflammation treatment.
  • To engineer microbeads responsive to both increased temperature and acidic pH.
  • To improve the specificity of drug delivery to inflamed tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Development of microbead formulations for controlled drug release.
  • Characterization of microbead responses to varying temperature and pH conditions.
  • In vitro evaluation of drug release kinetics under simulated inflamed and healthy tissue environments.

Main Results:

  • The microbead system demonstrated triggered drug release exclusively under combined elevated temperature and acidic pH.
  • The system effectively distinguished between simulated inflamed (high temperature, low pH) and healthy (normal temperature, neutral pH) tissue conditions.
  • Controlled release profiles indicate potential for localized drug delivery.

Conclusions:

  • The developed dual-switch microbead system offers a promising approach for targeted inflammation treatment.
  • This system enhances therapeutic efficacy by ensuring drug release only at inflamed sites.
  • The ability to differentiate between inflamed and healthy tissues represents a significant advancement in controlled drug delivery.