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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
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Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These nerves enable a complex communication network between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic functions.
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Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

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The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Cutaneous Surgical Denervation: A Method for Testing the Requirement for Nerves in Mouse Models of Skin Disease
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Do cutaneous nerves cross the midline?

Stepan Capek1, R Shane Tubbs, Robert J Spinner

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.

Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.)
|July 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peripheral nerves frequently cross the body's midline, challenging traditional anatomical maps. This transmedian overlap has significant implications for medical procedures like anesthesia and understanding tumor spread.

Keywords:
crossingcutaneous nervesmidlinemidline crossovernerves

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Standard cutaneous innervation maps depict a strict midline demarcation.
  • Variability in peripheral nerve distribution and midline overlap is acknowledged but often overlooked.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compile evidence supporting the existence of transmedian overlap of cutaneous nerves.
  • To highlight the clinical significance of nerve crossing the midline.

Main Methods:

  • Extensive literature search across anatomical and medical databases.
  • Systematic review of studies documenting peripheral nerve communication across the midline.

Main Results:

  • Ample evidence found for transmedian nerve overlap in all body regions: head/neck, thorax/abdomen, back, perineum, and genitalia.
  • Peripheral nerves were confirmed to cross or communicate across the midline.

Conclusions:

  • The concept of transmedian nerve overlap is supported by substantial evidence.
  • This anatomical finding has critical implications for anesthesia and perineural tumor spread, warranting further research.