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Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Effective Analysis of Human Exposure Conditions with Body-worn Dosimeters in the 2.4 GHz Band
Published on: May 2, 2018
Wireless vital signs from a life-supporting medical device exposed to electromagnetic disturbance
Karl Øyri1, Raúl Chávez-Santiago, Stig Støa
1The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.
Objectives:
To evaluate the level of agreement of simulated wired and Wi-Fi vital signs output from an intra-aortic balloon pump during exposure to electromagnetic interference from frequency overlapping ZigBee sensors.
Material And Methods:
A series of experiments with interference from single and multiple ZigBee sensors were benchmarked with wired and Wi-Fi output. Tests included single ZigBee sensor adjacent and co-channel interference, and multiple ZigBee interferences towards the Wi-Fi receiver and transmitter.
Results:
Interference-free differences between wired and wireless aortic blood pressure and electrocardiogram were very small, verified by time domain and Bland - Altman plots. Bland - Altman plots comparing level of agreement in wired and wireless aortic blood pressure and ECG output during interference experiments showed a difference from 0.2 to 0.3 mmHg for blood pressure, and from 0.001 to 0.004 mV for electrocardiogram.
Conclusions:
Level of agreement in wired and wireless (Wi-Fi) arterial blood pressure and electrocardiogram during single or multiple sensor interference was high. No clinically relevant degradation of Wi-Fi transmission of aortic blood pressure or ECG signals was observed.
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