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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education
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The Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ): its factor structure, reliability, and validity.

David L Wood1, Gregory S Sawicki2, M David Miller3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine-Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Fla; Center for Health Equity and Quality Research, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Fla.

Academic Pediatrics
|July 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The 20-item Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ) demonstrates strong reliability and validity for assessing adolescent and young adult healthcare transition skills. This revised scale effectively measures readiness in key areas for youth aged 14-21.

Keywords:
health care transition readinessself-assessment questionnaireyouth with special health care needs

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Area of Science:

  • Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine
  • Healthcare Transition Research
  • Psychometric Validation

Background:

  • National guidelines emphasize assessing transition readiness skills in adolescents and young adults (AYA).
  • The original 29-item Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ) was developed in 2010.
  • This study aimed to refine the TRAQ by reevaluating item performance and factor structure, and reassessing its reliability and validity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate a revised, shorter version of the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ).
  • To confirm the factor structure, internal reliability, and criterion validity of the TRAQ.
  • To assess the TRAQ's ability to differentiate transition readiness between younger and older AYA.

Main Methods:

  • Item reduction and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were performed on a sample of 306 AYA with special healthcare needs.
  • Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on a second independent sample of 221 AYA.
  • Internal reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, and criterion validity was evaluated using Wilcoxon rank sum tests and mixed linear models.

Main Results:

  • Item reduction and EFA yielded a 20-item scale with 5 distinct subscales.
  • CFA confirmed a good fit for the 5-factor structure in an independent sample.
  • The 20-item TRAQ demonstrated high overall reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .94) and good subscale reliability (Cronbach's alpha .77-.90).
  • Older adolescents (≥18 years) scored significantly higher on all 5 subscales compared to younger adolescents (<18 years).

Conclusions:

  • The 20-item, 5-factor TRAQ is a reliable and valid measure for assessing healthcare transition readiness in AYA.
  • The revised TRAQ effectively differentiates readiness levels based on age.
  • Further research is recommended to refine subscales and establish predictive validity.