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Statgraphics01:10

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Statgraphics is a comprehensive statistical software suite designed for both basic and advanced data analysis. Originating in 1980 at Princeton University under Dr. Neil W. Polhemus, it was one of the pioneering tools for statistical computing on personal computers, with its public release in 1982 marking an early milestone in data science software. Over the years, it has evolved into a robust platform for data science, offering tools for regression analysis, ANOVA, multivariate statistics,...
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When one or more data points appear far from the rest of the data, there is a need to determine whether they are outliers and whether they should be eliminated from the data set to ensure an accurate representation of the measured value. In many cases, outliers arise from gross errors (or human errors) and do not accurately reflect the underlying phenomenon. In some cases, however, these apparent outliers reflect true phenomenological differences. In these cases, we can use statistical methods...
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Once data is collected from both the experimental and the control groups, a statistical analysis is conducted to find out if there are meaningful differences between the two groups. A statistical analysis determines how likely any difference found is due to chance (and thus not meaningful). In psychology, group differences are considered meaningful, or significant, if the odds that these differences occurred by chance alone are 5 percent or less. Stated another way, if we repeated this...
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When we take repeated measurements on the same or replicated samples, we will observe inconsistencies in the magnitude. These inconsistencies are called errors. To categorize and characterize these results and their errors, the researcher can use statistical analysis to determine the quality of the measurements and/or suitability of the methods.
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The empirical rule, also known as the three-sigma rule, allows a statistician to interpret the standard deviation in a normally distributed dataset. The rule states that 68% of the data lies within one standard deviation from the mean, 95% lies within two standard deviations from the mean, and 99.7% lies within three standard deviations from the mean. Additionally, this rule is also called the 68-95-99.7 rule.
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Ten statistics commandments that almost never should be broken.

Thomas R Knapp1, Jean K Brown

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Researchers often misuse statistical methods in clinical studies. This article details ten common errors and suggests better statistical alternatives for accurate data analysis and reporting.

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Research
  • Biostatistics
  • Quantitative Methods

Background:

  • Quantitative researchers face numerous statistical method choices.
  • Accurate statistical analysis is crucial for reliable clinical research findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify ten prevalent errors in statistical technique application and reporting within clinical research.
  • To propose improved statistical alternatives for common methodological pitfalls.

Main Methods:

  • Review and identification of ten frequent statistical errors in clinical research.
  • Literature review of methodological research for alternative statistical approaches.

Main Results:

  • Ten common errors in the use and reporting of statistical methods were identified.
  • Recommendations for stronger, evidence-based statistical alternatives are provided.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing these common statistical errors can enhance the rigor and validity of clinical research.
  • Adoption of recommended alternatives can improve the quality of statistical reporting in medical studies.