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Judging the judges' performance in rhythmic gymnastics.

Konstantinos Flessas¹, Dimitris Mylonas, Georgia Panagiotaropoulou

¹1Sports Medicine Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GREECE; 2School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, GREECE; 3School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, GREECE; 4Gymnastics Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GREECE; 5Department of Health Sciences, "Foro Italico" University of Rome, Rome, ITALY; 6Neurology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, GREECE; 7Laboratory of Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, GREECE; and 8Psychiatry Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, GREECE.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

|July 1, 2014

Summary

Expert rhythmic gymnastics judges showed modest error recognition, with international judges identifying about 40% of true errors. Experienced judges likely use cognitive strategies beyond visual fixation for better, though still suboptimal, performance.

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Area of Science:

Sports Science
Biomechanics
Perception

Background:

Rhythmic gymnastics (RG) relies heavily on subjective judging via the Code of Points.
Accurate error detection by judges is crucial for fair competition outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the error recognition performance of rhythmic gymnastics judges with varying expertise levels.
To analyze eye movement patterns (fixation) during the judgment of ensemble routines.

Main Methods:

An expert-novice paradigm comparing international, national, and novice judges.
Simulated judgment of RG ensemble routines using video analysis.
2D eye-tracking to record viewing time and fixation on errors.

Main Results:

All judge levels demonstrated modest error recognition; top international judges identified ~40% of true errors.
Novice judges spent more time viewing videos and fixating on errors.
National judges were most efficient in using fixation to detect errors.

Conclusions:

International judges outperformed others, suggesting reliance on cognitive strategies beyond visual fixation.
Despite higher performance, overall error detection efficiency remains significantly below optimal levels.