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Echelle crossed grating millimeter wave beam scanner.

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    We developed an active millimeter-wave electronic scanner for stand-off imaging, capable of creating 2D images and measuring Doppler signatures. This novel scanner utilizes crossed gratings for spatial mapping and heterodyne detection for phase measurements.

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    Area of Science:

    • Applied Physics
    • Electromagnetics
    • Imaging Technology

    Background:

    • Millimeter-wave (MMW) technology offers unique sensing capabilities.
    • Current MMW imaging systems often lack advanced scanning and Doppler measurement functionalities.
    • Stand-off imaging requires non-contact methods with high spatial and temporal resolution.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel two-dimensional (2D), active, millimeter-wave (MMW) electronic beam scanner.
    • To integrate Doppler capabilities for enhanced stand-off imaging.
    • To present the system design, characterization, and performance measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • A 2D scan is achieved by mapping the MMW spectrum to spatial coordinates using crossed gratings.
    • An active transceiver and heterodyne quadrature detection enable relative phase measurement.
    • Doppler signatures are synthesized by analyzing consecutive measurements.

    Main Results:

    • The system successfully demonstrates 2D electronic beam scanning.
    • Relative phase measurements allow for Doppler signature synthesis.
    • The current frame rate is limited by the vector network analyzer sweep rate.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed MMW scanner provides 2D imaging and Doppler capabilities for stand-off applications.
    • Passive beam steering components allow for wavelength scalability.
    • Further improvements in frame rate and system integration are suggested for advanced applications.