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    This study introduces a novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor platform using multimode spectroscopy. The new design effectively separates biomaterial detection from background refractive index changes, overcoming cross-sensitivity issues.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Optics and Photonics
    • Biosensing Technology

    Background:

    • Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors are widely used for biomolecular interaction analysis.
    • A key limitation of SPR biosensors is their cross-sensitivity to both surface binding events and bulk refractive index changes.
    • This cross-sensitivity complicates accurate quantification of biomaterial properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and validate a new SPR biosensor platform that overcomes the cross-sensitivity limitation.
    • To develop a method for simultaneously measuring surface and bulk effects independently.
    • To enable more accurate and reliable biosensing applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of a dielectric grating on an SPR sensor to excite multiple modes.
    • Simultaneous excitation of three distinct resonance modes using multimode spectroscopy.
    • Optimization of sensor design parameters (dimensions, wavelength) using a genetic algorithm.
    • Numerical and analytical methods for validating simulation results.

    Main Results:

    • The optimized design simultaneously excites two TM modes sensitive to surface effects and one TE mode sensitive to bulk refractive index variations.
    • Simulation results are validated using numerical and analytical approaches, showing good agreement.
    • Demonstrated the ability to decouple biomaterial properties from background index variations through three-mode spectroscopy.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed multimode SPR biosensor platform effectively addresses the cross-sensitivity issue.
    • This approach allows for independent measurement of surface binding and bulk refractive index changes.
    • The developed technology offers enhanced accuracy and reliability for biosensing applications.