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Two different classes of vector beams that have the same paraxial approximation.

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    Two classes of vector light beams with identical paraxial approximations were identified. Their differences in nonparaxial behavior and angular momentum were compared, revealing distinct characteristics beyond initial approximations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Electromagnetism

    Background:

    • Vector light beams are crucial in various optical applications.
    • The paraxial approximation simplifies the description of light propagation.
    • Understanding beam behavior beyond the paraxial regime is essential for advanced applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate vector light beams sharing the same first-order paraxial approximation.
    • To compare their vectorial structures in the nonparaxial regime.
    • To analyze and contrast their angular momentum properties.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of vector light beams under the transversality condition.
    • Mathematical formulation for the nonparaxial regime.
    • Comparison of structural and angular momentum characteristics.

    Main Results:

    • Identified two distinct classes of vector light beams with identical paraxial approximations.
    • Revealed differences in their vectorial structures when deviating from the paraxial approximation.
    • Demonstrated variations in their angular momentum properties.

    Conclusions:

    • The first-order paraxial approximation can obscure fundamental differences between vector light beams.
    • Nonparaxial analysis is critical for distinguishing these beam classes.
    • The orientation of the transversality constraint vector significantly impacts beam properties.