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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

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Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1...
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Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular...
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Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

Other Disorders of Digestive System

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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
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Celiac disease and autoimmunity.

Riccardo Troncone1, Valentina Discepolo

  • 1*Department of Medical Translational Sciences and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy †Department of Medicine and the University of Chicago Celiac Disease Center, University of Chicago, Chicago (IL), USA.

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
|July 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Celiac disease (CD) shares genetic and autoimmune features with other conditions like type 1 diabetes. Gluten and gut microbiome play roles in developing this complex autoimmune disorder.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Celiac disease (CD) is a complex autoimmune disorder with multifactorial etiology.
  • It frequently co-occurs with other autoimmune conditions, suggesting shared pathogenic mechanisms.
  • Key autoimmune features include high titers of anti-tissue transglutaminase 2 autoantibodies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the autoimmune features of celiac disease.
  • To highlight similarities between celiac disease and other autoimmune disorders, particularly type 1 diabetes.
  • To discuss the roles of gluten and the microbiome in celiac autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing current understanding of celiac disease autoimmunity.
  • Comparative analysis of genetic susceptibility loci shared between celiac disease and other autoimmune conditions.
  • Discussion of immunological mechanisms, including HLA peptide recognition and tissue damage.

Main Results:

  • Over 60% of CD susceptibility loci are shared with other autoimmune diseases.
  • Common pathogenic mechanisms involve HLA-peptide recognition and immune-mediated tissue damage.
  • Gluten and microbiome are implicated as drivers of autoimmunity in CD.

Conclusions:

  • Celiac disease exhibits significant autoimmune characteristics and genetic overlap with other autoimmune disorders.
  • Understanding these shared mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
  • Further research into the interplay of gluten, microbiome, and immunity is warranted.