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¹Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.

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Summary

Three-dimensional (3D) printing enables patient-specific bone regeneration using biocompatible scaffolds and cells. Further research is needed to optimize cell types and vascularization for enhanced bone formation.

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A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Regenerative Medicine
Surgical Technology

Background:

Rapid advancements in 3D computerized modeling and manufacturing (CAM) provide surgeons with tools for virtual surgical planning and custom implant design.
Bone tissue regeneration relies on patient-specific scaffolds, osteogenic cells, and growth factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current state and future directions of 3D printing technologies in bone tissue regeneration and craniofacial reconstruction.
To highlight the role of patient-specific scaffolds manufactured using 3D computer-aided design (CAD) and additive manufacturing.

Main Methods:

Utilizing modern 3D CAD software and additive manufacturing to create patient-specific scaffolds and matrices for bone defect reconstruction.
Combining scaffolds with osteogenic cells and growth factors to promote bone formation in experimental and clinical settings.

Main Results:

3D printing enables the fabrication of patient-specific scaffolds that facilitate bone regeneration by supporting osteogenic cells.
Studies demonstrate successful bone formation in mandible defects reconstructed with matrix-osteogenic cell combinations.
Ideal bone substitute materials should be biocompatible, bioresorbable, osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and cost-effective.

Conclusions:

The optimal type of osteogenic cell and the necessity of cell addition require further investigation.
Enhancing vascularization for cell survival and bone formation is a critical challenge.
More research is needed to identify superior materials for additive manufacturing of scaffolds, matrices, and implants.