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The serial position effect is a cognitive phenomenon where individuals are more likely to recall the first and last items in a list compared to those in the middle. This effect is divided into the primacy effect and the recency effect. The primacy effect is observed when the initial items in a list are remembered better. This occurs because these items are rehearsed more frequently or receive more elaborative processing, allowing them to be encoded into long-term memory more effectively. For...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

The "Motor" in Implicit Motor Sequence Learning: A Foot-stepping Serial Reaction Time Task
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The problem of serial order in skilled typing.

Kristy M Snyder1, Gordon D Logan1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance
|July 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Skilled typists link keystrokes in a sequence, not by separate position codes. This research on typing serial order supports chaining theories for motor sequence representation.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Understanding serial order in skilled motor tasks like typing is crucial for cognitive science.
  • Two main theories exist: chaining (linking successive actions) and coding (associating actions with positions).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how typists represent the identity and order of keystrokes.
  • To determine if keystroke information is processed jointly (chained) or separately (position codes).

Main Methods:

  • Four experiments involved priming typists with a word before they typed a target word.
  • Varied overlap in keystroke identity and order between prime and target words.
  • Tested priming of identity, order, and sequence position.

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Main Results:

  • Keystroke identities were not primed independently of their order.
  • Keystroke positions were not primed out of sequence.
  • Priming effects were graded across the sequence and depended on the number of primed keystrokes.

Conclusions:

  • Results support chaining theories of serial order representation in skilled typing.
  • Keystroke identity and order are likely processed jointly.
  • Serial order processing may vary across different sequential tasks.