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Quantifying Human Norovirus Virus-like Particles Binding to Commensal Bacteria Using Flow Cytometry
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Evolution of norovirus.

P A White1

  • 1School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Clinical Microbiology and Infection : the Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
|July 2, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis globally. Immune system pressure drives the evolution of new NoV strains, leading to frequent replacements of dominant pandemic viruses.

Keywords:
Antigenic driftgastroenteritisnorovirusrecombination

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Norovirus (NoV) is the primary cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide.
  • NoV significantly impacts public health through illness, economic losses, and mortality, especially in developing nations.
  • Human noroviruses belong to genogroups GI, GII, and GIV, with GII responsible for over 95% of infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the evolutionary dynamics of contemporary Norovirus strains.
  • To understand the mechanisms driving the emergence and selection of pandemic Norovirus variants.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current research on Norovirus evolution.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data and immunological studies related to Norovirus emergence.

Main Results:

  • Norovirus remains the dominant cause of gastroenteritis, even with rotavirus vaccination.
  • The human immune system exerts selective pressure, leading to antigenic drift and shift in Noroviruses.
  • New pandemic Norovirus strains emerge and replace older ones approximately every three years.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous evolution driven by host immunity allows Norovirus to evade population immunity.
  • Understanding Norovirus evolution is crucial for developing effective control and prevention strategies.
  • The emergence of novel, immune-selected variants necessitates ongoing surveillance and research.