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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

5.0K
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
5.0K
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

4.8K
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
4.8K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

5.7K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
5.7K
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

5.7K
After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
5.7K
Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

25.4K
Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
25.4K
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

5.8K
In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
5.8K

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Organic Solvent-Based Protein Precipitation for Robust Proteome Purification Ahead of Mass Spectrometry
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Compound precipitation in high-concentration DMSO solutions.

Ioana Popa-Burke1, John Russell2

  • 1Sample Management Technologies, Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Ioana.G.Popa-Burke@gsk.com.

Journal of Biomolecular Screening
|July 2, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Compound precipitation from DMSO solutions causes experimental errors. This study investigates precipitation causes, compound properties, and recovery methods to improve screening reliability.

Keywords:
DMSO solubilityprecipitationsample management

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Area of Science:

  • Drug discovery and development
  • Chemical and pharmaceutical sciences

Background:

  • High-concentration dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions are commonly used for compound screening.
  • Compound precipitation from DMSO can lead to significant experimental challenges, including equipment malfunction and unreliable biological data.
  • Understanding the factors contributing to precipitation is crucial for optimizing screening workflows.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phenomenon of compound precipitation from high-concentration DMSO solutions.
  • To correlate precipitation with physico-chemical properties of screening compounds.
  • To explore methods for recovering precipitated solids and identify the timing of precipitation (initial solubilization vs. freeze-thaw).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of compound precipitation in DMSO solutions.
  • Correlation studies between compound physico-chemical properties and precipitation extent.
  • Investigation of precipitation during initial solubilization and freeze-thaw cycles.
  • Evaluation of potential recovery techniques for precipitated solids.

Main Results:

  • Screening compounds precipitate from high-concentration DMSO, causing liquid-handling issues and data inaccuracies.
  • Precipitation extent correlates with specific physico-chemical properties of the compounds.
  • Particulates may be present from initial solubilization or form during freeze-thaw cycles.
  • Methods for recovering precipitated solids were explored.

Conclusions:

  • Compound precipitation in DMSO is a significant issue impacting screening accuracy and reliability.
  • Understanding compound properties can help predict and mitigate precipitation.
  • Further optimization of solubilization and storage conditions is needed to minimize precipitation and improve data quality.