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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Three Differential Expression Analysis Methods for RNA Sequencing: limma, EdgeR, DESeq2
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From differential gene expression to differential gene function and back.

Moitreyee Chatterjee-Kishore1, Maryann Z Whitley1

  • 1Department of Genomics, Wyeth Research, 35 CambridgePark Drive, Cambridge, MA 01240, USA.

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|July 2, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Following genome sequencing, researchers aim to identify all transcripts and proteins. Combining gene expression and cellular function technologies will advance biology and drug discovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Genome sequencing for plants and animals is advancing rapidly.
  • Identifying all transcripts and proteins is the next logical step.
  • Understanding gene expression in relation to physiological and pathological states is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the next steps in biological research following genome decoding.
  • To highlight the importance of transcript and protein identification.
  • To emphasize the benefits of integrating gene expression and cellular function technologies for biological advancement and drug target discovery.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging high-throughput nucleic acid quantification.
  • Employing technologies for monitoring differential gene expression.
  • Utilizing methods for defining differential cellular function.

Main Results:

  • The study presents a strategic direction for post-genomic research.
  • It emphasizes the synergistic potential of combining different technological approaches.
  • The integration of gene expression and cellular function analysis is proposed as key.

Conclusions:

  • The comprehensive identification of transcripts and proteins is essential for understanding biological systems.
  • Integrating gene expression monitoring with cellular function analysis offers significant benefits.
  • This integrated approach is vital for advancing biological knowledge and identifying drug targets.