Intestinal and blood-brain drug transport: beyond involvement of a single transport function

It is considered that an increased understanding of drug transport in the intestine, liver, kidney and blood-brain barrier is vital to the successful development of new and effective drugs. Hence, there is a need for models that generate even more accurate prediction values than those currently applied. Future improvements in the accuracy of the discovery based predictions will probably need a more in vivo focus rather than a strictly reductionist focus on single cell models or enzymes/transporters. It is also generally believed that these transporters affect the local concentration time profiles of drugs and their metabolites in various tissues, such as liver, brain and kidney.: