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Immunomodulating activity of Aronia melanocarpa polyphenols
Giang T T Ho1, Marie Bräunlich2, Ingvild Austarheim3
1School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. g.t.t.ho@farmasi.uio.no.
Aronia melanocarpa polyphenols, including proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins, show potent immunomodulating effects. These compounds effectively modulate complement activity and inhibit nitric oxide production in macrophages without impacting cell viability, suggesting anti-inflammatory potential.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Immunology
- Natural Products Chemistry
Background:
- Aronia melanocarpa (chokeberry) is rich in polyphenolic compounds with potential health benefits.
- Polyphenols are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Understanding the specific immunomodulatory mechanisms of A. melanocarpa constituents is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the immunomodulating effects of isolated proanthocyanidin-rich fractions, specific procyanidins (C1, B5, B2), and anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa.
- To evaluate their activity on the complement system and nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophages.
- To assess the impact of these compounds on cell viability.
Main Methods:
- Isolation and characterization of proanthocyanidin-rich fractions and specific polyphenols from A. melanocarpa.
- Assay of complement-fixing activities.
- Measurement of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages.
- Cell viability assays.
Main Results:
- Several proanthocyanidin-rich fractions, procyanidins C1, B5, B2, and cyanidin aglycone demonstrated strong complement-fixing activities.
- Cyanidin 3-glucoside exhibited superior activity compared to other anthocyanins.
- Procyanidins C1, B5, B2, and specific proanthocyanidin fractions (average degree of polymerization (PD) 7 and 34) inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophages.
- Most tested compounds inhibited NO production without reducing cell viability, except for the fraction with PD 34.
Conclusions:
- Polyphenolic compounds from Aronia melanocarpa possess significant immunomodulatory properties.
- These compounds demonstrate potential as complement modulators and inhibitors of nitric oxide production.
- A. melanocarpa polyphenols may serve as beneficial agents for managing inflammatory conditions.
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