Insight into nanoparticle cellular uptake and intracellular targeting

Area of Science:

• Interdisciplinary research combining biology, materials science, and engineering.
• Focus on nanomedicine development and its clinical applications.

Background:

• Efficient cellular uptake and subcellular delivery of nanomedicines are critical challenges.
• Nanoparticle-cell interactions and internalization routes dictate their fate within cells.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review cellular uptake routes relevant to non-targeted nanomedicine.
• To discuss ligand-targeted nanoparticles for receptor-mediated cellular internalization.
• To provide an overview of subcellular targeting for next-generation nanomedicines.

Main Methods:

• Highlighting cellular uptake mechanisms.
• Reviewing ligand-targeted nanoparticle strategies.
• Examining advancements in subcellular targeting.

Main Results:

• Ligand-targeted nanoparticles are key to nanomedicine's clinical progress.
• This strategy facilitates effective oral delivery and overcoming the intestinal barrier.
• Subcellular targeting offers a novel platform for organelle-specific nanomedicines.

Conclusions:

• Nanomedicine development requires understanding cellular uptake pathways.
• Ligand targeting and subcellular strategies are crucial for advanced nanomedicine.
• Future prospects include enhanced organelle-specific drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy.