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Uranium incorporation into amorphous silica.

Michael S Massey1, Juan S Lezama-Pacheco, Joey M Nelson

  • 1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, California State University, East Bay , Hayward, California 94542, United States.

Environmental Science & Technology
|July 2, 2014
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Summary

Uranium (U) binds to amorphous silica, like opal, through direct coordination with silicate or via iron (hydr)oxides. This binding mechanism enhances uranium stability, suggesting silica as a promising remediation strategy for U contamination.

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Uranium (U) contamination is a significant environmental concern.
  • Naturally occurring amorphous silica, including opal, often contains high uranium concentrations.
  • Understanding uranium binding mechanisms in silica is crucial for assessing its long-term fate and remediation potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the coordination environment of uranium within opaline silica.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of uranium incorporation into amorphous silica.
  • To compare uranium binding in synthetic and natural opaline silica solids.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of uranium-bearing amorphous silica precipitates with and without ferrihydrite.
  • Analysis using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS).
  • Characterization using a suite of other analytical techniques.

Main Results:

  • In synthetic amorphous silica, uranium exhibited double corner-sharing and bidentate, mononuclear (edge-sharing) coordination with silicate.
  • In iron-bearing synthetic solids, uranium was adsorbed to iron (hydr)oxide, with silicate present in both edge-sharing and corner-sharing coordination.
  • The local coordination of uranium in synthetic solids closely resembles that found in natural U-bearing opals.

Conclusions:

  • Uranium incorporation into opaline and amorphous silica is a stable, long-term process.
  • The binding mechanisms, involving direct silicate coordination or association with iron (hydr)oxides, contribute to uranium's stability.
  • Opaline silica represents a promising natural repository for uranium, offering potential for effective uranium remediation strategies.