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Appendicular osteosarcoma in small-breed dogs: 51 cases (1986-2011)
Pierre M Amsellem1, Laura E Selmic, Jackie M Wypij
1Departments of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada.
Summary
Appendicular osteosarcoma outcomes in small-breed dogs show that limb amputation without chemotherapy offers survival comparable to curative-intent treatment. Tumor grade and weight impact survival, warranting further adjuvant chemotherapy research.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Oncology
- Comparative Oncology
- Small Animal Surgery
Background:
- Appendicular osteosarcoma is a common bone cancer in dogs.
- Small-breed dogs present unique challenges and potentially different prognoses compared to larger breeds.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate treatment outcomes and survival times for small-breed dogs diagnosed with appendicular osteosarcoma.
- To identify prognostic factors influencing survival in this specific population.
Main Methods:
- A multi-institutional retrospective case series involving 51 small-breed dogs (≤ 15 kg) with appendicular osteosarcoma.
- Survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression to identify prognostic variables.
- Comparison of outcomes between non-surgical, amputation-only, and curative-intent treatment groups.
Main Results:
- Tumors were most frequently located on the humerus and femur.
- Median survival times (MSTs) were 112 days (non-surgical), 257 days (amputation-only), and 415 days (curative-intent).
- MST did not significantly differ between amputation-only and curative-intent groups; higher tumor grade and increased body weight were associated with decreased MST in respective groups.
Conclusions:
- Small-breed dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma may have subjectively lower tumor grade and mitotic index, and longer MSTs with limb amputation alone compared to larger dogs.
- No significant MST advantage was observed for curative-intent treatment over amputation alone.
- Further investigation into the role and efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in small-breed dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma is warranted.
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