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Related Concept Videos

Radical Formation: Homolysis00:54

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A bond is formed between two atoms by sharing two electrons. When this bond is broken by supplying sufficient energy, either two electrons can be taken up by one atom forming ions by the cleavage called heterolysis, or the two electrons are shared by two atoms, with one each creating radicals by the cleavage called homolysis.
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Single-Molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Methods for Real-Time Investigation of the Holliday Junction Resolution by GEN1
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The dissolution of double Holliday junctions.

Anna H Bizard1, Ian D Hickson1

  • 1Nordea Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|July 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Double Holliday junction dissolution is a key homologous recombination pathway. It requires a dissolvasome complex of Sgs1/BLM helicase, Top3/TopoIIIα, and Rmi1 for DNA repair.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Double Holliday junctions (dHJs) are critical intermediates in homologous recombination.
  • Holliday junction resolvases can cleave dHJs, but dissolution is an alternative pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the double Holliday junction dissolution process.
  • To identify the key protein factors involved in dHJ dissolution.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of homologous recombination and DNA repair mechanisms.
  • Analysis of the roles of specific enzymes and protein complexes in dHJ processing.

Main Results:

  • Double Holliday junction dissolution requires a 'dissolvasome' complex.
  • This complex includes Sgs1/BLM RecQ helicase, Top3/TopoIIIα, and Rmi1.

Conclusions:

  • The dissolvasome complex facilitates dHJ dissolution through cooperative enzymatic action.
  • This pathway represents a mechanistically complex method for completing homologous recombination.