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Hypomagnesemia in brachycephalic dogs.

M S Mellema1, G L Hoareau

  • 1Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA.

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
|July 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Magnesium deficiency is more prevalent in Bulldogs than Boxers, potentially contributing to their health issues. Further research is needed to confirm the utility of magnesium tolerance testing in diagnosing deficiency.

Keywords:
BoxerBulldogHypercapneaIntracellular magnesiumParenteral magnesium tolerance testingSleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Canine Health
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Brachycephalic dogs, including Bulldogs, are prone to health conditions like arterial hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea.
  • These conditions are frequently linked to chronic magnesium depletion in dogs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the prevalence of hypomagnesemia (low magnesium levels) between Boxer and Bulldog breeds.
  • To screen Bulldogs for hypomagnesemia and evaluate parenteral magnesium tolerance testing (PMgTT) for diagnosing whole-body magnesium deficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of serum total magnesium (tMg) in Boxers and Bulldogs.
  • Prospective study of healthy Bulldogs measuring ionized magnesium (iMg), tMg, and arterial blood pressure.
  • Calculation of the iMg-to-tMg ratio and performance of PMgTT in a subset of Bulldogs.

Main Results:

  • Bulldogs showed a significantly higher period prevalence of hypomagnesemia (15%) compared to Boxers (4.7%).
  • The risk ratio for hypomagnesemia in Bulldogs was 1.8 times higher than in Boxers.
  • Prospective data indicated potential utility for iMg:tMg ratio and PMgTT in assessing magnesium status.

Conclusions:

  • Magnesium deficiency is common in Bulldogs and may contribute to breed-specific comorbidities.
  • The iMg:tMg ratio and PMgTT show promise as diagnostic tools for chronic, subclinical magnesium deficiency in dogs.