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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
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Cholera01:25

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Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.Vibrio cholerae is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae, primarily associated with waterborne outbreaks in areas with inadequate sanitation. Although over 200 serogroups of V. cholerae exist, only O1 and O139 are responsible for epidemic cholera. The O1 serogroup,...
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Patterns of Fever01:26

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Reservoir of Infection01:30

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Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...
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Fever can be triggered by several factors, including infections, nervous system disorders, certain cancers, blood diseases like leukemia, embolism, thrombosis, heatstroke, dehydration, surgical trauma, crushing injuries, and allergic reactions.
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Increased Body Temperature

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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Enteric Bacterial Invasion Of Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro Is Dramatically Enhanced Using a Vertical Diffusion Chamber Model
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Honing in on enteric fever.

Lyle R McKinnon1, Quarraisha Abdool Karim2

  • 1Lyle R McKinnon is in the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa sijuisijali@gmail.com.

Elife
|July 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Metabolomics analysis shows promise for better enteric fever diagnostics. This approach could enhance early detection and management of this infectious disease.

Keywords:
Salmonella Paratyphi ASalmonella Typhienteric fevermass spectrometrymetabolitestyphoid

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Area of Science:

  • * Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • * Biochemical Analysis

Background:

  • * Enteric fever poses a significant global health challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings.
  • * Current diagnostic methods for enteric fever can be slow and lack sensitivity, impacting timely treatment.
  • * The need for rapid, accurate, and accessible diagnostic tools is critical for effective disease control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To explore the potential of metabolomics as a novel diagnostic strategy for enteric fever.
  • * To identify specific metabolic biomarkers associated with enteric fever infection.
  • * To evaluate the feasibility of using metabolomic profiles for improved enteric fever diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • * Metabolomic profiling of biological samples (e.g., serum, urine) from patients with suspected enteric fever and healthy controls.
  • * Utilizing advanced analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
  • * Statistical analysis and machine learning algorithms to identify distinguishing metabolic signatures.

Main Results:

  • * Distinct metabolic profiles were observed between enteric fever patients and controls.
  • * Several candidate biomarkers were identified with potential diagnostic value for enteric fever.
  • * The proposed metabolomic approach demonstrated promising accuracy in preliminary evaluations.

Conclusions:

  • * Metabolomics offers a powerful, non-invasive approach for enteric fever diagnostics.
  • * Identification of specific biomarkers could lead to the development of rapid diagnostic tests.
  • * Further research and validation are warranted to translate these findings into clinical practice for improved enteric fever management.