Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Energy Balance01:19

Energy Balance

1.5K
The human body gets energy from the three macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Energy is released when the chemical bonds in the organic compounds present in the food are broken down. The energy content of food is measured in kilocalories (kcal), defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. This value is determined by measuring the temperature change of the water surrounding a calorimeter after the complete...
1.5K
Trophic Efficiency00:46

Trophic Efficiency

19.3K
Trophic level transfer efficiency (TLTE) is a measure of the total energy transfer from one trophic level to the next. Due to extensive energy loss as metabolic heat, an average of only 10% of the original energy obtained is passed on to the next level. This pattern of energy loss severely limits the possible number of trophic levels in a food chain.
19.3K
Absorption of Nutrients01:19

Absorption of Nutrients

14.3K
Absorption refers to taking dietary nutrients from the intestinal lumen for transportation throughout the body. After digestion in the small intestine, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are broken down into simpler forms. These essential macronutrients and other vital substances, such as vitamins, minerals, and water, are then prepared for absorption into the bloodstream.
Enterocytes, which are specialized polar epithelial cells, line the mucosa of the small intestinal walls. These cells...
14.3K
First Law of Thermodynamics00:37

First Law of Thermodynamics

66.4K
The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. This can be demonstrated within a classic food web where light energy from the sun is harnessed as radiant energy by plants, converted into chemical energy, and stored as complex carbohydrates. The vegetation is then consumed by animals and during the digestion process, the sugars release energy as heat. The sugars also produce chemical energy that either gets used up doing work, stored in...
66.4K
Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

2.8K
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
2.8K
Fruit Development, Structure, and Function01:58

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

21.9K
Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
21.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparison of different bromide equilibrium times to measure extracellular water in athletes: Analysis before and after a 4-day intervention to increase water intake.

Clinical nutrition ESPEN·2026
Same author

Changes in Water Turnover and Its Components Over One Athletic Season: An Observational Study Among Athletes From Different Sports.

International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism·2026
Same author

Sex Differences in Measures of Energy Expenditure and Body Composition in Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults.

Current developments in nutrition·2026
Same author

Measuring dietary intake among participants with a urea cycle disorder using standard diet records or a novel food photography app.

Molecular genetics and metabolism·2025
Same author

Energy expenditure and obesity across the economic spectrum.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Isotope Dilution for Measuring Total Energy Expenditure, Water Turnover, and Total Body Water in Athletes: A Systematic Review.

International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Breakfast Habits among Schoolchildren in the City of Uruguaiana, Brazil
06:48

Breakfast Habits among Schoolchildren in the City of Uruguaiana, Brazil

Published on: July 29, 2020

4.4K

Fruits and vegetables displace, but do not decrease, total energy in school lunches.

Andrea B Bontrager Yoder1, Dale A Schoeller

  • 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI.

Childhood Obesity (Print)
|July 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Increasing fruit and vegetable (FV) intake reduces unhealthy food consumption but not total calories. This study suggests calorie displacement, not volume displacement, in school lunches.

More Related Videos

'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake
04:46

'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake

Published on: September 18, 2018

6.8K
Palatable Western-style Cafeteria Diet as a Reliable Method for Modeling Diet-induced Obesity in Rodents
09:10

Palatable Western-style Cafeteria Diet as a Reliable Method for Modeling Diet-induced Obesity in Rodents

Published on: November 1, 2019

10.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Breakfast Habits among Schoolchildren in the City of Uruguaiana, Brazil
06:48

Breakfast Habits among Schoolchildren in the City of Uruguaiana, Brazil

Published on: July 29, 2020

4.4K
'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake
04:46

'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake

Published on: September 18, 2018

6.8K
Palatable Western-style Cafeteria Diet as a Reliable Method for Modeling Diet-induced Obesity in Rodents
09:10

Palatable Western-style Cafeteria Diet as a Reliable Method for Modeling Diet-induced Obesity in Rodents

Published on: November 1, 2019

10.6K

Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Public Health
  • Childhood Obesity

Background:

  • Childhood obesity is a significant public health issue in the US.
  • Diet plays a critical role in the development of obesity.
  • Increasing fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption is a proposed strategy to combat obesity by displacing energy-dense foods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the volume displacement hypothesis in upper-elementary students.
  • To examine the impact of FV consumption on energy intake during school lunches.
  • To evaluate the role of Farm to School (F2S) programs in influencing dietary patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzing digital photographs of school lunch trays to quantify FV and non-FV food items and consumption.
  • Calculating total and FV-only energy intake using the USDA Nutrient Database.
  • Assessing energy intake based on FV intake levels, FV energy density, and duration of F2S program participation.

Main Results:

  • Higher FV energy intake was associated with reduced non-FV energy intake.
  • Total energy intake did not significantly decrease with increased FV consumption.
  • Trays with higher FV energy density and from schools with longer F2S program participation showed lower non-FV and total energy intake.

Conclusions:

  • Increased FV consumption effectively reduces intake of non-FV (energy-dense) foods.
  • The study does not support the volume displacement hypothesis; instead, it suggests calorie displacement.
  • Farm to School programs may play a role in reducing overall energy intake from school lunches.