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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

5.0K
Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: A Selective Luciferase-Based Assay for Monitoring ATG4B 27 Activity in Cells
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[Autophagy, new perspectives in anticancer therapy].

Natalia Lisiak, Ewa Totoń, Maria Rybczyńska

    Postepy Higieny I Medycyny Doswiadczalnej (Online)
    |July 4, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Autophagy, a cellular process, plays a dual role in cancer, influencing initiation and progression. Understanding autophagy mechanisms is key for developing targeted cancer therapies and predicting treatment responses.

    Area of Science:

    • Cellular Biology
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Autophagy, the degradation of cellular components, is crucial in various diseases, particularly cancers.
    • Autophagy and carcinogenesis share overlapping signaling pathways, impacting cancer initiation and progression.
    • Cancer's complexity means tumor cell fate isn't dictated by a single pathway.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the molecular mechanisms of autophagy and its complex role in cancer therapy.
    • To explore how understanding autophagy can guide the development of novel anticancer drugs.
    • To highlight the link between genomic changes, autophagy, and therapeutic response for personalized medicine.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of in vitro and in vivo studies on autophagy in cancer.
    • Analysis of signaling pathways involved in autophagy and carcinogenesis.

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  • Examination of the relationship between genomic alterations and therapy response.

    • Main Results:

    • Chronic autophagy inhibition can promote tumors by causing genomic instability and cellular stress.
    • Increased autophagy can aid tumor cell survival under conditions like hypoxia, acidosis, and chemotherapy.
    • Genomic changes correlate with therapy response, indicating drug targets.

    Conclusions:

    • Autophagy's role in cancer is context-dependent, requiring a dual perspective.
    • Elucidating autophagy's molecular basis is vital for effective anticancer strategies.
    • Targeting autophagy pathways holds promise for personalized cancer therapy and drug design.