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Passive localization of noise-producing targets using a compact volumetric array.

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  • 1Northwest Electromagnetics and Acoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Portland State University, 1900 SW 4th Avenue, Suite 160, Portland, Oregon 97201.

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This study introduces a novel passive localization technique for multiple underwater noise sources. The method uses a compact volumetric array to accurately estimate target ranges by analyzing multipath arrivals, even with complex ocean noise.

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Area of Science:

  • Underwater acoustics
  • Passive sonar
  • Array signal processing

Background:

  • Multipath propagation in ocean environments complicates target localization.
  • Previous methods using vertical line arrays were limited to specific scenarios.
  • Autonomous underwater vehicles offer a platform for advanced acoustic measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a passive localization technique for multiple underwater noise sources.
  • To utilize multipath arrival structures for range estimation.
  • To adapt array processing for cluttered and multi-target environments.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-correlating elevation beams from a compact volumetric array.
  • Employing an autonomous underwater vehicle equipped with a volumetric array.
  • Adaptive clutter and multi-target interference rejection.
  • Analyzing three-dimensional directionality and time delays of multipath arrivals.

Main Results:

  • Reliable short-range estimations using straight ray paths were achieved.
  • Longer range estimations required incorporating ray refraction.
  • Experimental validation in a shallow ocean environment demonstrated technique efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • The presented technique enables passive localization of multiple noise sources using multipath analysis.
  • The compact volumetric array on an AUV is effective for underwater acoustic sensing.
  • Accounting for oceanographic conditions like refraction is crucial for accurate long-range localization.