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Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Dentine hypersensitivity.

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Dentine hypersensitivity, a common oral pain, is increasingly linked to tooth erosion. Effective treatments focus on blocking exposed dentinal tubules or nerve signals to alleviate pain and improve quality of life.

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Oral Medicine
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Dentine hypersensitivity is a prevalent oral pain condition with multifactorial causes.
  • Tooth erosion is increasingly recognized as a significant etiological factor.
  • The condition arises from exposed dentinal tubules patent to the pulp, leading to sharp pain via the hydrodynamic theory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the etiology, particularly the role of erosion, and treatment modalities for dentine hypersensitivity.
  • To highlight the growing prevalence of this condition due to increased longevity and tooth wear.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the pathophysiology and treatment of dentine hypersensitivity.
  • Analysis of the impact of tooth wear and erosion on dentine hypersensitivity.

Main Results:

  • Erosion is a key factor in the development of dentine hypersensitivity.
  • The hydrodynamic theory explains the pain mechanism.
  • The condition is expected to increase in frequency.

Conclusions:

  • Effective treatments are available, including over-the-counter products.
  • Treatment principles involve modifying fluid flow in dentinal tubules (occlusion) or nerve desensitization.
  • Addressing erosion and tooth wear is crucial for managing dentine hypersensitivity.