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Telomeres and Telomerase

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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded...

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence

Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence

Published on: May 22, 2013

Telomere dynamics and aging.

Geraldine Aubert¹

¹Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science

|July 5, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Telomeres, protective DNA caps on chromosomes, shorten with age. This shortening is a key aging marker and may prevent cancer in long-lived species.

Keywords:

Aging Aging disorders Stem cells Telomerase Telomere Telomere length

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Area of Science:

Genetics and Molecular Biology
Cellular Aging
Genomics

Background:

Telomeres are repetitive DNA-protein complexes capping vertebrate chromosomes.
Telomere length and structure are regulated by complex mechanisms.
Telomere shortening is a hallmark of cellular senescence and aging.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the regulation of telomere dynamics.
To explore the role of telomere shortening in aging and disease.
To examine telomere dysfunction in aging-related disorders.

Main Methods:

Literature review of telomere biology.
Analysis of regulatory mechanisms of telomere dynamics.
Discussion of telomere shortening consequences.

Main Results:

Telomere shortening is a measurable indicator of cellular aging.
Telomere shortening may function as a tumor suppression mechanism.
Telomere dysfunction is linked to aging-related diseases.

Conclusions:

Telomere maintenance is crucial for cellular health and longevity.
Understanding telomere dynamics offers insights into aging and disease.
Further research is needed to fully elucidate telomere regulation.