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Related Concept Videos

Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
88
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
3.6K
Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

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Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:
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Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations01:13

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

38
Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation
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HLA and asthma phenotypes/endotypes: a review.

Eirini Kontakioti1, Kalliopi Domvri1, Despina Papakosta1

  • 1Asthma Clinic, Pulmonary Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, George Papanikolaou Hospital, Exochi, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Human Immunology
|July 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes are linked to various asthma phenotypes, including allergic, occupational, and aspirin-sensitive asthma. Despite population complexity, these associations are significant in asthma research.

Keywords:
AllergicAspirinAsthmaHLAOccupational

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Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Pulmonology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Asthma is a complex chronic airway inflammatory disease.
  • Genetic susceptibility and environmental factors interact to cause asthma.
  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several asthma-associated genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the relationship between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes and asthma phenotypes/endotypes.
  • To explore specific HLA haplotypes associated with allergic, occupational, and aspirin-sensitive asthma.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on HLA class II genes and asthma phenotypes.
  • Analysis of common HLA haplotypes in different asthma subtypes.

Main Results:

  • The HLA super-locus (6p21) is implicated in asthma.
  • Specific HLA haplotypes are associated with different asthma phenotypes: HLA-DRB1 (allergic), HLA-DQB1 (occupational), and HLA-DPB1 (aspirin-sensitive).
  • Despite challenges like population heterogeneity and linkage disequilibrium, studies demonstrate a link between HLA class II genes and asthma.

Conclusions:

  • HLA class II genes play a role in the diverse phenotypes of asthma.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the in vivo mechanisms due to population and genetic complexities.
  • Understanding HLA associations can contribute to personalized asthma management strategies.