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Related Concept Videos

The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

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The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
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The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
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The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
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Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis

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Cytokinin and the cell cycle.

G Eric Schaller1, Ian H Street1, Joseph J Kieber2

  • 1Dartmouth College, Department of Biological Sciences, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.

Current Opinion in Plant Biology
|July 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The phytohormone cytokinin regulates plant cell division, promoting shoot growth while inducing endocycles in roots. This study models cytokinin

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Cytokinin is a key phytohormone regulating plant growth and development.
  • Its role in cell proliferation, particularly cell cycle progression, is crucial.
  • Cytokinin exhibits differential effects on cell division in shoots versus roots.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how the cytokinin response pathway integrates with cell cycle regulation.
  • To analyze recent data on cytokinin's positive and negative regulation of cell cycle transitions.
  • To reconcile the opposing roles of cytokinin in shoot and root cell division.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on cytokinin signaling and cell cycle control.
  • Analysis of experimental data on cytokinin's effects on plant tissues (shoots and roots).

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  • Development of a conceptual model integrating findings.

    • Main Results:

    • Cytokinin positively regulates mitotic cell division in shoots and stem cell organization.
    • Cytokinin promotes differentiation and endocycles in root cells via auxin-dependent and independent pathways.
    • The phytohormone has distinct regulatory mechanisms in different plant organs.

    Conclusions:

    • Cytokinin plays a dual role in plant cell division, promoting mitosis in shoots and endocycles in roots.
    • Understanding these distinct roles is essential for comprehending plant development.
    • A unified model is proposed to explain cytokinin's opposing effects on shoot and root cell division.