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Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Assessing the Multiple Dimensions of Engagement to Characterize Learning: A Neurophysiological Perspective
Published on: July 1, 2015
Social psychology. Just think: the challenges of the disengaged mind
Timothy D Wilson1, David A Reinhard2, Erin C Westgate2
1Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. tdw@virginia.edu.
Abstract:
In 11 studies, we found that participants typically did not enjoy spending 6 to 15 minutes in a room by themselves with nothing to do but think, that they enjoyed doing mundane external activities much more, and that many preferred to administer electric shocks to themselves instead of being left alone with their thoughts. Most people seem to prefer to be doing something rather than nothing, even if that something is negative.
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