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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Cell reprogramming into the pluripotent state using graphene based substrates.

Junsang Yoo1, Jongmin Kim2, Soonbong Baek1

  • 1Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cell Reprogramming, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea.

Biomaterials
|July 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Graphene enhances the reprogramming of mouse cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This novel graphene substrate promotes epigenetic changes, offering an efficient tool for pluripotent reprogramming research.

Keywords:
GrapheneInduced pluripotent stem cellsMesenchymal-to-epithelial transitionReprogramming

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Graphene and its derivatives are explored for biomedical applications due to their cell support capabilities.
  • Cellular reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is crucial for regenerative medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of graphene substrates on the reprogramming efficiency of somatic cells into iPSCs.
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of graphene-mediated reprogramming.

Main Methods:

  • Construction and characterization of a graphene film monolayer on a glass substrate using Raman spectroscopy.
  • Assessment of cellular reprogramming efficiency of mouse somatic fibroblasts on the graphene substrate.
  • Analysis of epigenetic modifications, specifically H3K4me3 levels, and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET).

Main Results:

  • Graphene substrates significantly improved the efficiency of reprogramming mouse somatic fibroblasts into iPSCs.
  • The graphene substrate was found to induce mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), a key event in reprogramming.
  • Graphene directly regulates dynamic epigenetic changes, including H3K4me3 levels, associated with pluripotency induction.

Conclusions:

  • Graphene serves as an effective platform for promoting cellular reprogramming into iPSCs.
  • Graphene substrates directly influence epigenetic modifications, facilitating pluripotent reprogramming.
  • This study presents graphene as a valuable tool for advancing epigenetic and pluripotent reprogramming technologies.