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Intestinal barrier function and the brain-gut axis.

Carmen Alonso1, María Vicario, Marc Pigrau

  • 1Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology Group, Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Paseo Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The intestinal barrier and brain-gut axis maintain immune balance by processing antigens. Dysfunction in this system can lead to inflammation and gut disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The intestinal tract's luminal-mucosal interface is critical for immune system interaction with antigens.
  • The intestinal barrier prevents excessive antigen exposure to the mucosal-associated immune system.
  • The immune system processes vast amounts of antigens, including food components, necessitating controlled immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the structure, function, and interactions of the intestinal barrier, microbiota, and brain-gut axis.
  • To elucidate the roles of these components in both healthy and pathological conditions.
  • To highlight the importance of maintaining physiological inflammatory balance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on the intestinal barrier.
  • Analysis of the brain-gut axis communication pathways.
  • Examination of immune system responses to luminal antigens.

Main Results:

  • The intestinal barrier effectively regulates antigen interaction with the immune system under normal conditions.
  • The brain-gut axis integrates local and distant regulatory networks influencing intestinal function.
  • Dysfunction of the brain-gut axis is linked to intestinal barrier malfunction and inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Maintaining the integrity and function of the intestinal barrier and brain-gut axis is crucial for immune homeostasis.
  • Disruptions in this system can initiate low-grade inflammation in the gut and brain.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to preventing and managing gut disorders.