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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
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Related Experiment Video

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Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting
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Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasis.

Friedrich Reiterer1, Karin Grossauer1, Nicholas Morris1

  • 1Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Austria.

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|July 6, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasis (CPL) is a rare vascular malformation affecting lymph vessels. Diagnosis involves clinical signs, imaging, and biopsy, with supportive care being the primary treatment approach.

Keywords:
ClassificationCongenital pulmonary lymphangiectasisDiagnosisGenetic counsellingReviewTherapeutic options

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Malformations
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasis (CPL) is a rare vascular malformation characterized by dilated pulmonary lymphatics.
  • It disrupts normal lymph fluid drainage, leading to potential respiratory complications.
  • CPL can be primary or secondary, with genetic factors and syndromes implicated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasis.
  • To discuss its classification, clinical presentation, and diagnostic methods.
  • To outline current supportive treatment strategies for CPL.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on CPL.
  • Analysis of clinical, imaging, and histological findings.
  • Description of diagnostic gold standard: open-lung biopsy.

Main Results:

  • CPL can manifest in utero as non-immune hydrops or at birth with respiratory failure.
  • Delayed symptomatic presentation in childhood or adulthood is possible.
  • High short-term mortality rates are associated with neonatal respiratory failure.

Conclusions:

  • CPL diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical, imaging, and histological data.
  • Open-lung biopsy remains the definitive diagnostic method.
  • Supportive care, including mechanical ventilation and management of congenital chylothorax, is the cornerstone of CPL treatment.