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Social disadvantage and network turnover.

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  • 1Department of Sociology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. btc49@cornell.edu.

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Summary

Socially disadvantaged older adults, particularly African Americans and those with low socioeconomic status (SES), experience greater personal network shrinkage due to higher confidant loss and lower addition rates. This highlights disparities in social support stability.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Sociology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Socially disadvantaged groups, including African Americans and individuals of low socioeconomic status (SES), face more unstable social environments.
  • This instability can lead to higher turnover in personal social networks, a critical issue for older adults who benefit from stable connections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between social disadvantage and changes in personal social networks among older adults.
  • To determine if factors like race and SES influence the stability and composition of social networks over time.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized longitudinal egocentric network data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (2005-2011).
  • Compared confidant network rosters between study waves to assess network change.
  • Employed multivariate Poisson regression to model rates of network losses and additions.

Main Results:

  • African Americans and low-SES individuals experienced greater confidant loss, primarily due to death, compared to white and college-educated respondents.
  • While African Americans added more confidants, neither disadvantaged group matched losses with additions, leading to network shrinkage.
  • Poorer health and increased risk of widowhood/marital dissolution partially explained these trends for disadvantaged groups.

Conclusions:

  • Social disadvantage is linked to significant personal network shrinkage in older adults, particularly among African Americans and low-SES individuals.
  • Race- and class-based segregation may play a role in observed group differences in social network turnover.
  • Further research is needed to understand how these network changes impact health decline and other outcomes in later life.