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PCDD and PCDF concentrations in a traffic tunnel environment.

Md Mahmudur Rahman¹, Ki-Hyun Kim², Richard J C Brown³

¹Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea; International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.

The Science of the Total Environment

|July 6, 2014

Summary

Air quality in traffic tunnels was studied, measuring polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). Tunnel levels were comparable to urban sites, with seasonal variations and vehicle emissions as key factors.

Keywords:

Correlation analysis Diesel vehicle Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs)Tunnel

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Atmospheric Chemistry
Pollution Monitoring

Background:

Traffic tunnels are significant urban microenvironments.
Understanding air pollutant dynamics, including PCDDs and PCDFs, is crucial for public health.
Previous studies have not fully characterized dioxin levels and sources in Korean traffic tunnels.

Purpose of the Study:

To measure polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in two Korean traffic tunnels.
To compare tunnel air quality with an urban background site.
To investigate seasonal patterns and potential sources of PCDD/Fs in tunnel environments.

Main Methods:

Field campaigns conducted in Nam San (NS) and Hong Ji (HJ) traffic tunnels in 2009-2010.
Measurement of ∑PCDD/Fs concentrations (fg/m³).
Comparison with data from a non-tunnel urban background site.

Main Results:

Mean ∑PCDD/F concentrations in tunnels (1270 ± 880 and 1200 ± 810 fg/m³) were moderately lower than the urban reference site (1350 ± 780 fg/m³).
Seasonal patterns were observed, with higher concentrations in winter/spring and lower in summer/fall, driven by ∑PCDF congeners.
While vehicle emissions are major sources, the relative abundance of other pollutants like PM10 suggests different source balances in tunnels compared to urban air.

Conclusions:

Source characteristics in tunnels are similar to urban locations, with gasoline and diesel vehicles as primary contributors to PCDD/F levels.
Seasonal variations in PCDD/Fs are linked to congener-specific changes.
Despite similar PCDD/F levels, the overall pollutant profile in tunnels differs from urban air, indicating distinct emission source contributions.