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Emilie Genty1, Klaus Zuberbühler2

  • 1Department of Comparative Cognition, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.

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Great apes use gestures communicatively, but evidence for semantic content was lacking. This study identifies a human-like beckoning gesture in bonobos, suggesting shared intentionality in ape communication and language evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Primate communication
  • Evolutionary linguistics
  • Animal behavior

Background:

  • Great apes utilize flexible, goal-directed gestures in social interactions, similar to human language.
  • A lack of evidence for semantic content in ape gestures has supported the view of human uniqueness in language evolution.
  • This view posits a transition from individual to shared intentionality as key to human language origins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the semantic and intentional aspects of a newly described bonobo beckoning gesture.
  • To re-evaluate claims of human uniqueness in gestural communication and its evolutionary origins.
  • To explore potential deictic and iconic characteristics in bonobo gestures.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a previously undescribed beckoning gesture in two bonobo groups.
  • Observation of bonobos in near-natural environmental and social conditions at the Lola Ya Bonobo sanctuary.
  • Assessment of the gesture's linguistic content and underlying communicative intention.

Main Results:

  • Identification of a bonobo beckoning gesture with potential deictic and iconic features.
  • Evidence suggesting a more complex semantic and intentional capacity in bonobo gestural communication than previously assumed.
  • Challenging the notion of fundamental differences between ape and human gestural communication.

Conclusions:

  • Bonobo gestures, like the beckoning observed, may possess semantic content, challenging human uniqueness claims.
  • The findings suggest that precursors to shared intentionality and complex gestural communication exist in non-human apes.
  • This research contributes to understanding the evolutionary trajectory of language from primate communication.