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Related Concept Videos

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

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Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Cell Squeezing as a Robust, Microfluidic Intracellular Delivery Platform
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Ocular delivery of macromolecules.

Yoo Chun Kim1, Bryce Chiang2, Xianggen Wu3

  • 1School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|July 8, 2014
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Improving ocular drug delivery for macromolecules is crucial. This review explores challenges and controlled-release systems to enhance biopharmaceutical efficacy, safety, and patient compliance for eye conditions.

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BarriersControlled releaseDrug deliveryEyeMacromoleculesTargeting

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmaceutics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Biopharmaceuticals are increasingly used for eye conditions.
  • Current delivery methods (eye drops, systemic) have low bioavailability and poor ocular targeting for macromolecules.
  • Physician-administered invasive methods are often required.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review barriers to ophthalmic drug delivery for macromolecules.
  • To discuss development of controlled-release systems for ocular biopharmaceuticals.
  • To highlight the need for improved drug delivery methods.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ophthalmic drug delivery barriers.
  • Analysis of controlled-release system development for ocular biopharmaceuticals.
  • Discussion of macromolecule delivery challenges in the eye.

Main Results:

  • Non-invasive ocular delivery methods show limitations for macromolecules.
  • Controlled-release systems offer potential for improved ocular drug delivery.
  • Targeted delivery and reduced dosing frequency are key goals.

Conclusions:

  • Improved drug delivery is essential for advancing ocular biopharmaceutical therapies.
  • Enhanced delivery systems can increase efficacy and reduce side effects.
  • Better drug delivery methods will improve patient compliance and outcomes.