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Related Concept Videos

Microbiome of the Eye01:22

Microbiome of the Eye

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The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...
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Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

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Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
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Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
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Interfacial Electrochemical Methods: Overview01:06

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Interfacial electrochemical methods focus on the phenomena occurring at the boundary between an electrode and a solution, as opposed to bulk methods that concentrate on the solution's overall properties. These interfacial methods are classified as either static or dynamic based on the presence of a nonzero current in the electrochemical cell and the consistency of analyte concentrations. Static methods, such as potentiometry, measure the cell's potential without any significant current...
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Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

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Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
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When a solid is dipped inside a liquid, the liquid surface becomes curved near the contact. For some solid–liquid interfaces, the liquid is pulled up along the solid, while for others, the liquid surface is convex or depressed near the solid surface. This phenomenon can be explained using the concept of cohesive and adhesive forces.
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Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues
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Interfacial phenomena and the ocular surface.

Bernardo Yañez-Soto1, Mark J Mannis2, Ivan R Schwab2

  • 1Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

The Ocular Surface
|July 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ocular surface disorders stem from changes in ocular surface chemistry and tear film properties. Understanding interfacial phenomena offers new therapeutic opportunities for conditions like dry eye disease.

Keywords:
dry eye diseaseevaporationglycocalyxinterfacial phenomenamicrovillimucinsrheologysurface energytear filmtear film lipid layer

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biophysics
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Ocular surface disorders (e.g., dry eye disease) are complex and require interdisciplinary approaches.
  • These conditions involve alterations in ocular surface chemistry, tear film rheology, and cellular topography.
  • Research on ocular surface interfacial phenomena declined after the 1990s, despite new surface characterization tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physicochemical attributes of the ocular surface.
  • To analyze the role of interfacial phenomena in ocular surface disease pathobiology.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and discuss therapeutic opportunities related to interfacial phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of physicochemical attributes of the ocular surface.
  • Analysis of interfacial phenomena in ocular surface disease.
  • Identification of knowledge gaps and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • Ocular surface disorders share common alterations in chemistry and tear film properties.
  • Interfacial phenomena are critical to understanding tear film stability and ocular surface health.
  • New technologies offer potential for improved characterization and functionalization of the ocular surface.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding ocular surface interfacial phenomena is crucial for diagnosing and treating various ocular surface disorders.
  • Exploiting these phenomena presents opportunities for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research is needed to bridge current knowledge gaps in ocular surface interfacial science.