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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic Reactions02:06

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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

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Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
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A Mouse Ear Model for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation
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Shoe allergic contact dermatitis.

Erin Matthys1, Amir Zahir, Alison Ehrlich

  • 1From the *Department of Medicine, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; †School of Medicine and Health Sciences, and ‡Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty Associates, George Washington University, Washington, DC.

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Allergic contact dermatitis of the feet, often caused by shoes, can be debilitating. Identifying and avoiding allergens in footwear is key to managing this common skin condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology

Background:

  • Foot dermatitis is a common and potentially debilitating condition affecting all ages.
  • Allergic contact dermatitis of the feet is frequently linked to footwear components like rubber, adhesives, leather, dyes, metals, and medicaments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on allergic contact shoe dermatitis.
  • To discuss clinical presentation, common allergens, patch testing, and management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of PubMed and MEDLINE databases.
  • Focus on updates from the last 15 years.

Main Results:

  • Allergens in footwear are diverse and pose a challenge due to limited manufacturer information and changing trends.
  • Identifying specific allergens is crucial for effective treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Allergic contact shoe dermatitis requires careful allergen identification and avoidance.
  • Management strategies are challenged by footwear industry practices.