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This study introduces functional Hill numbers to measure species diversity, incorporating trait-based functional distances alongside abundance. These new metrics quantify effective species numbers and functional diversity within and among ecological assemblages.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Biodiversity Science
  • Trait-based Ecology

Background:

  • Hill numbers are standard for species diversity, but don't account for functional traits.
  • Incorporating functional trait distances is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of biodiversity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend Hill numbers to include species functional distances, creating functional Hill numbers.
  • To develop measures for mean and total functional diversity based on trait data.
  • To provide a framework for analyzing functional diversity partitioning across multiple assemblages.

Main Methods:

  • Derived a parametric class of functional Hill numbers based on species abundance and pairwise functional distances.
  • Defined mean functional diversity (per species) and total functional diversity.
  • Developed multiplicative decomposition of functional diversity into alpha and beta components for multiple assemblages.

Main Results:

  • Functional Hill numbers quantify the effective number of equally abundant and functionally distinct species.
  • Total functional diversity represents the effective total distance between species in an assemblage.
  • Functional diversity measures decompose multiplicatively, allowing for independent alpha and beta components.

Conclusions:

  • The new functional Hill numbers and diversity measures offer a robust way to assess biodiversity beyond simple species counts.
  • These metrics provide novel ways to quantify functional differentiation and similarity among ecological assemblages.
  • The framework is applicable to both artificial and real ecological data, enhancing biodiversity assessment tools.