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Related Concept Videos

Microbial Biosensors01:17

Microbial Biosensors

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Microbial biosensors are analytical devices that utilize living microbes to detect specific substances through measurable signals. These devices consist of two main components: biosensing organisms and signal-transducing elements. Biosensing organisms, such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are typically housed in multiwell plates connected to transducers, enabling rapid, real-time detection of target analytes.Signal Generation MechanismWhen a target analyte—such as...
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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

In vitro Assembly of Semi-artificial Molecular Machine and its Use for Detection of DNA Damage
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Cell-based biosensor to report DNA damage in micro- and nanosystems.

Anna Fendyur1, Sarvesh Varma, Catherine T Lo

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 36-824, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.

Analytical Chemistry
|July 9, 2014
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Summary

A new biosensor detects DNA damage from nanomaterials, aiding the assessment of material safety. This tool helps evaluate the impact of micro- and nanoscale systems on cell physiology, promoting safer technology development.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Assessing the impact of micro- and nanoscale materials on cell physiology is critical for technological advancement.
  • Genotoxic effects from material interactions necessitate reliable assessment methods.
  • Existing methods for evaluating genotoxicity can be complex and resource-intensive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a facile and high-throughput method for assessing the genotoxic impact of engineered materials on cell physiology.
  • To create a TurboRFP-based DNA damage reporter cell line for sensitive detection of genotoxic stress.
  • To evaluate the utility of the biosensor for nanomaterial safety assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a TurboRFP-based DNA damage reporter cell line in NIH-3T3 cells.
  • Exposure of the biosensor cells to various genotoxic agents, including chemical agents, UV-C radiation, and nanomaterials.
  • High-throughput, noninvasive fluorescence-based assay for genotoxicity detection.
  • Assessment of size-dependent genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of nanomaterials.

Main Results:

  • The developed biosensor successfully detected genotoxic stress from diverse agents.
  • The biosensor effectively reported the genotoxic impact of nanomaterials.
  • Demonstrated ability to assess size-dependent genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of nanomaterials.
  • The assay is high-throughput, noninvasive, and requires minimal specialized equipment.

Conclusions:

  • The open-source TurboRFP-based biosensor provides a valuable tool for evaluating the cellular impact of micro- and nanomaterials.
  • This biosensor facilitates the assessment of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, crucial for the safe development of new technologies.
  • The developed system supports researchers and developers in understanding material-cell interactions and ensuring technology safety.