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Related Concept Videos

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

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Apoptosis01:30

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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
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Apoptin towards safe and efficient anticancer therapies.

Claude Backendorf1, Mathieu H M Noteborn

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Leiden Institute for Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands, backendo@chem.leidenuniv.nl.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Apoptin, a protein from chicken anemia virus, shows promise as an anticancer therapeutic by selectively killing cancer cells. Preclinical studies demonstrate its efficacy in various delivery systems, including viral vectors and nanocapsules, paving the way for clinical trials.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Apoptin, derived from chicken anemia virus, exhibits cancer-selective cell killing properties.
  • Its mechanism involves phosphorylation-mediated nuclear transfer in cancer cells and cytoplasmic degradation in normal cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the preclinical anti-cancer potential of apoptin using various delivery systems.
  • To explore apoptin's efficacy in enhancing oncolytic viral therapy and as a standalone therapeutic.

Main Methods:

  • Testing apoptin in non-replicative oncolytic viral vectors (adenovirus, parvovirus, Newcastle disease virus).
  • Utilizing attenuated Salmonella typhimurium and plasmid-based systems for apoptin delivery.
  • Investigating recombinant membrane-transferring apoptin proteins (PTD4, TAT) in vitro and in vivo models.
  • Assessing apoptin-loaded polymeric nanocapsules for tumor-selective cell killing.

Main Results:

  • Apoptin enhanced the oncolytic potential of viral vectors and showed significant tumor regression when delivered via bacterial strains and plasmids.
  • Recombinant apoptin proteins demonstrated cancer-selective killing in xenografted hepatoma and melanoma models.
  • Combinatorial treatments with apoptin and chemotherapeutics showed additive or synergistic effects, reducing side effects.
  • Polymeric nanocapsules harboring apoptin induced tumor-selective cell killing in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • Apoptin holds significant promise as an anticancer therapeutic, with demonstrated efficacy across multiple delivery platforms.
  • Apoptin research offers novel avenues for drug design, including nuclear targeting and identification of new drug targets.
  • Clinical trials for apoptin-based therapies are a feasible reality based on recent breakthroughs.