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Updated: Apr 27, 2026

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Estrogens control inflammation in experimental colitis.

I Hajj Hussein1, A Eid1, R Maksoud1

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.

Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents
|July 9, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Estrogen therapy significantly reduces intestinal inflammation in rats with colitis. Treatment decreased inflammatory markers, mast cell activity, and tissue damage, highlighting estrogen's protective role.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Estrogen deficiency is linked to increased inflammation.
  • Estrogen replacement therapy may counteract inflammatory processes.
  • The role of estrogen in controlling intestinal inflammation requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the protective role of estrogen in experimental colitis models.
  • To evaluate the effects of estrogen on morphological and molecular markers of intestinal inflammation.
  • To assess estrogen's impact on mast cell activity, cytokine expression, fibronectin, and reactive oxygen species.

Main Methods:

  • Adult male rats were divided into four groups: control, colitis-induced, colitis-induced with estrogen treatment, and estrogen-only treatment.
  • Colitis was induced using four different models: iodoacetamide, iodoacetamide + enteropathogenic E. coli, 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, and dextran sulfate sodium salt.
  • Macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular analyses were performed at multiple time points (days 7, 14, 28, and 56).

Main Results:

  • Estrogen-treated rats showed significant health improvements, with reduced inflammation scores (10-15%).
  • A decrease in mast cell count (30%), fibronectin expression (50%), and reactive oxygen species (30%) was observed in estrogen-treated groups.
  • Estrogen treatment led to a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, including TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta (approximately 25%).

Conclusions:

  • Estrogen administration improved the inflammatory status in all experimental colitis models.
  • Estrogen exhibited a marked antioxidant effect and reduced tissue necrosis, indicated by lower fibronectin levels.
  • These findings support estrogen's therapeutic potential in managing intestinal inflammation.