Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

644
Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
644
Multiple Comparison Tests01:13

Multiple Comparison Tests

3.4K
Multiple comparison test, abbreviated as MCT, is a post hoc analysis generally performed after comparing multiple samples with one or more tests. An MCT will help identify a significantly different sample among multiple samples or a factor among multiple factors.
It would be easy to compare two samples using a significance alpha level of 0.05. In other words, there is only one sample pair to be compared. However, it would be difficult to identify a significantly different sample if the number...
3.4K
Difference from Background: Limit of Detection01:05

Difference from Background: Limit of Detection

8.8K
The limit of detection (LOD) is the smallest amount of analyte that can be distinguished from the background noise. The LOD value corresponds to the concentration at which the analyte signal is three times larger than the standard deviation of the blank signal. Below this value, the analyte signal cannot be differentiated from the background noise. It is calculated by dividing the calibration slope by 3 times the standard deviation of the blank signals.
The LOD indicates the presence or absence...
8.8K
The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

6.1K
A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
6.1K
Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

6.0K
The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
6.0K
Bone Markings01:26

Bone Markings

8.8K
Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
8.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparing children's and adults' accounts of childhood injuries: implications for the courtroom.

Memory (Hove, England)·2026
Same author

"Although Her Words Said No, Her Actions Spoke Otherwise": Potential Jurors' Understanding of the "Reasonable Belief" Element of Sexual Assault Law.

Violence against women·2025
Same author

Hits and Misses: Digital Contact Tracing in a Pandemic.

Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science·2023
Same author

Police Investigators' Perceptions of the Challenges Associated With Interviewing Adult Sexual Assault Complainants.

Violence against women·2022
Same author

Trivially informative semantic context inflates people's confidence they can perform a highly complex skill.

Royal Society open science·2022
Same author

Contact Tracing: A Memory Task With Consequences for Public Health.

Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm
09:49

Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm

Published on: December 24, 2015

16.2K

Does contextual information bias bitemark comparisons?

Nikola K P Osborne1, Sally Woods2, Jules Kieser2

  • 1Psychology Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Science & Justice : Journal of the Forensic Science Society
|July 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Contextual information influences bitemark comparisons, affecting accuracy. Emotional cues and dental experience impact decisions in bitemark analysis, highlighting potential bias in forensic identification.

Keywords:
BitemarksContextual biasEmotional contextExpertiseForensic odontologyForensic science

More Related Videos

Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Single Human Bioparticles Recovered by Simplified Micromanipulation from Forensic ‘Touch DNA’ Evidence
11:49

Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Single Human Bioparticles Recovered by Simplified Micromanipulation from Forensic ‘Touch DNA’ Evidence

Published on: March 9, 2015

17.1K
Precision of In Vivo Quantitative Tooth Wear Measurement Using Intra-Oral Scans
09:10

Precision of In Vivo Quantitative Tooth Wear Measurement Using Intra-Oral Scans

Published on: July 12, 2022

3.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm
09:49

Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm

Published on: December 24, 2015

16.2K
Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Single Human Bioparticles Recovered by Simplified Micromanipulation from Forensic ‘Touch DNA’ Evidence
11:49

Enhanced Genetic Analysis of Single Human Bioparticles Recovered by Simplified Micromanipulation from Forensic ‘Touch DNA’ Evidence

Published on: March 9, 2015

17.1K
Precision of In Vivo Quantitative Tooth Wear Measurement Using Intra-Oral Scans
09:10

Precision of In Vivo Quantitative Tooth Wear Measurement Using Intra-Oral Scans

Published on: July 12, 2022

3.5K

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Odontology

Background:

  • Fingerprint evidence interpretation is susceptible to contextual bias.
  • Bitemark analysis, a form of identification evidence, often involves unavoidable contextual information during comparison.
  • Empirical studies investigating contextual bias in bitemark analysis are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically investigate the influence of contextual information on bitemark comparisons.
  • To examine the effects of task ambiguity and emotional intensity on bitemark matching decisions.
  • To assess the role of dental experience in bitemark interpretation.

Main Methods:

  • Dental and non-dental students compared bitemark pairs.
  • Task ambiguity and contextual information (including emotional images and subliminal priming) were manipulated.
  • Decision-making in bitemark matching was recorded and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Contextual information significantly influenced decisions on ambiguous bitemarks.
  • Highly emotional contexts and priming with 'same'/'guilty' led to fewer matches.
  • Dental students showed increased matching over time, irrespective of context or ambiguity.

Conclusions:

  • Bitemark interpretation is vulnerable to contextual bias, similar to fingerprint analysis.
  • Emotional and cognitive priming can alter bitemark comparison outcomes.
  • Future research should explore methods to mitigate bias in forensic bitemark identification.