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Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Manipulation and Analysis of Cell Cycle-Dependent Processes in Budding Yeast
Published on: September 26, 2025
Bud3 activates Cdc42 to establish a proper growth site in budding yeast
Pil Jung Kang1, Mid Eum Lee1, Hay-Oak Park2
1Department of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Cellular Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.
Abstract:
Cell polarization occurs along a single axis that is generally determined by a spatial cue, yet the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Using biochemical assays and live-cell imaging, we show that cell polarization to a proper growth site requires activation of Cdc42 by Bud3 in haploid budding yeast. Bud3 catalyzes the release of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) from Cdc42 and elevates intracellular Cdc42-guanosine triphosphate (GTP) levels in cells with inactive Cdc24, which has as of yet been the sole GDP-GTP exchange factor for Cdc42. Cdc42 is activated in two temporal steps in the G1 phase: the first depends on Bud3, whereas subsequent activation depends on Cdc24. Mutational analyses suggest that biphasic activation of Cdc42 in G1 is necessary for assembly of a proper bud site. Biphasic activation of Cdc42 or Rac GTPases may be a general mechanism for spatial cue-directed cell polarization in eukaryotes.
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