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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

176.5K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
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Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

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Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
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Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

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Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging
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In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging

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Diffusion of guest molecules within sensitive core-shell microgel carriers.

Swen Lehmann1, Sebastian Seiffert2, Walter Richtering1

  • 1Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|July 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study quantifies payload diffusion in core-shell microgel carriers. The temperature-responsive shell slightly affects diffusion near the interface but not within the core, confirming carrier utility for drug delivery.

Keywords:
NIPAMPAAMTemperature sensitiveTracer diffusionTwo focus fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

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Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels
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Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels

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Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Core-shell microgel particles are crucial for drug delivery.
  • Understanding payload diffusion within these carriers is essential for controlled release applications.
  • Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is a temperature-responsive polymer used in smart materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the diffusion of dextran molecules and colloids within PNIPAM-based core-shell microgel particles.
  • To investigate the effect of shell deswelling on payload mobility.
  • To assess the suitability of these microgel carriers for encapsulation and controlled release.

Main Methods:

  • Spatially resolved two-focus fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (2f-FCS).
  • Utilized dextran molecules and colloids as model payloads.
  • Employed temperature-responsive PNIPAM shell and temperature-insensitive polyacrylamide core microgels.

Main Results:

  • Shell deswelling upon heating slightly hindered tracer diffusion near the core-shell interface.
  • Payload diffusion within the temperature-insensitive core remained unaffected by shell deswelling.
  • No evidence of payload adsorption to the amphiphilic shell was observed.

Conclusions:

  • The core-shell microgel carrier system demonstrates predictable payload diffusion behavior.
  • The findings support the application of these microgels in controlled drug delivery and encapsulation.
  • The integrity of the core and the absence of guest adsorption are confirmed.