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Related Concept Videos

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

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Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features...
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Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

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Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the...
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Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
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Cogan syndrome in pregnancy.

Christopher M Tarney1, Karen Wilson, Mark F Sewell

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, North Carolina.

Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Summary

Cogan syndrome, a rare autoimmune disorder, did not worsen during pregnancy in one case study. Close monitoring is essential as disease flares can have severe maternal consequences.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Cogan syndrome is a rare, multisystem autoimmune disorder with unknown etiology.
  • The impact of pregnancy on Cogan syndrome and vice versa is not well understood.

Observation:

  • A 24-year-old primigravid woman with a 3-year history of Cogan syndrome underwent prenatal care.
  • The patient reported subjective improvements in vision and hearing during pregnancy without disease exacerbation.

Findings:

  • Pregnancy did not worsen the patient's Cogan syndrome symptoms.
  • Cesarean delivery was performed at term due to nonreassuring fetal status, with no maternal complications.

Implications:

  • Cogan syndrome necessitates vigilant monitoring during pregnancy.
  • Worsening Cogan syndrome during pregnancy can mimic physiologic changes but may lead to irreversible maternal damage.