Comparison of Ecklonia cava, Ecklonia stolonifera and Eisenia bicyclis for phlorotannin extraction

Phlorotannins are polyphenols of marine algae, particularly brown seaweed, having multiple biological activities. A reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography method was developed for rapid and routine quantification of two major phlorotannins, dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol-A (PFE-A), from boiling water- and organic solvent-extracts of brown seaweeds Ecklonia cava, E. stolonifera and Eisenia bicyclis. The regression equations for dieckol and PFE-A were as follows: the concentration (mg ml(-1)) = 16.56 x peak height (cm) + 0.44, and the concentration = 20.60 x peak height (cm) + 0.11, with correlation coefficients of 0.996 and 0.999, respectively. Compared to organic solvent extraction, the recovery yield of dieckol from boiling water extracts of E. cava, E. stolonifera and E. bicyclis was 86%, 93%, and 98%, respectively. The recovery yield of PFE-A was 74%, 86% and 62%, respectively. Antioxidant activity was detected in each E. bicyclis water extract (91%), followed by E. stolonifera (90%) and E. cava (74%). Dieckol and PFE-A showed almost 9- and 7-fold stronger antioxidant activity than the standard butylhydroxytoluene, and 6-and 4-fold greater than L-ascorbic acid in molar concentration, respectively.