Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

1.3K
Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
1.3K
Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

1.2K
Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
1.2K
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

1.3K
Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
1.3K
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

1.5K
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
1.5K
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

990
Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
990
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

1.0K
Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
1.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Discovery of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Its Biological Activity-Reply.

JAMA·2025
Same author

Observations on the Discovery of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Action.

JAMA·2025
Same author

Multi-omics correlates of insulin resistance and circadian parameters mapped directly from human serum.

The European journal of neuroscience·2024
Same author

Circadian organization of lipid landscape is perturbed in type 2 diabetic patients.

Cell reports. Medicine·2023
Same author

The impact of transsphenoidal surgery on pituitary function in patients with non-functioning macroadenomas.

Endocrine·2023
Same author

A contemporary baseline of Madagascar's coral assemblages: Reefs with high coral diversity, abundance, and function associated with marine protected areas.

PloS one·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 27, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

19.7K

[Which insulin for which patients in 2014].

Jacques Philippe

    Revue Medicale Suisse
    |July 10, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Starting insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes involves patient discussion and education. Basal insulin analogues offer improved safety and efficacy over NPH insulin for managing blood sugar.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Metabolic Diseases
    • Pharmacology

    Context:

    • Type 2 diabetes management often requires the initiation of insulin therapy.
    • Basal insulin is a common starting point, with options including NPH insulin and newer analogues.
    • Patient-physician communication and therapeutic education are crucial for successful insulin initiation.

    Purpose:

    • To outline the standard approach to initiating basal insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes.
    • To compare the benefits and drawbacks of basal insulin analogues versus NPH insulin.
    • To discuss practical considerations for insulin injection timing and continuation of oral antidiabetics.

    Summary:

    • Initiating insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes necessitates shared decision-making and patient education.

    More Related Videos

    An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds
    06:09

    An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

    Published on: April 23, 2018

    11.5K
    Author Spotlight: Exploring the Impact of Reduced Resistance Exercise Volume on Metabolic Health
    06:13

    Author Spotlight: Exploring the Impact of Reduced Resistance Exercise Volume on Metabolic Health

    Published on: December 1, 2023

    2.1K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Apr 27, 2026

    Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
    12:08

    Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

    Published on: June 11, 2012

    19.7K
    An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds
    06:09

    An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

    Published on: April 23, 2018

    11.5K
    Author Spotlight: Exploring the Impact of Reduced Resistance Exercise Volume on Metabolic Health
    06:13

    Author Spotlight: Exploring the Impact of Reduced Resistance Exercise Volume on Metabolic Health

    Published on: December 1, 2023

    2.1K
  • Basal insulin analogues (detemir, glargine, degludec) demonstrate advantages over NPH insulin, including fewer side effects, less weight gain, reduced hypoglycemia, and a more predictable, longer-acting profile.
  • Oral antidiabetic agents can often be continued alongside basal insulin, and while more complex regimens exist, they may offer limited additional benefits with increased side effects and lower compliance.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a clear framework for clinicians initiating basal insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes.
    • Highlights the advantages of modern basal insulin analogues for improved patient outcomes and adherence.
    • Emphasizes the importance of individualized treatment plans and patient-centered care in diabetes management.